Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Clinical Assessment, Genetics, and Treatment Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

doi: 10.3390/ijms21134726

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pie chart showing the top 10 out of 85 genetic findings from data summarized by Ho et al. using ultra-high-resolution chromosomal microarrays from over 10,000 consecutive patients presenting for genetic testing with neurodevelopmental disorders affecting brain function and/or structure of unknown cause with developmental/intellectual disabilities and/or ASD.

Article Snippet: For example, a study of custom-made, ultra-high-resolution microarrays reported by Ho et al. [ ] in 2016 were optimized for the detection of neurodevelopmental disorders (Lineagen, Salt Lake City, Utah) on 10,351 patients presenting for genetic services for neurodevelopmental disorders, ASD, ID, behavioral problems, or with or without multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) over a period of four years.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology

Article Title: 3-D DNA methylation phenotypes correlate with cytotoxicity levels in prostate and liver cancer cell models

doi: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-11

Figure Lengend Snippet: Specificity and sensitivity of used anti-methylcytosine antibody. ( A ) The antibody properties were assessed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay, in which the monoclonal anti-MeC antibody for this study — used at the concentration of 1 μg/ml in combination with a secondary antibody (Cy3-conjugated anti-mouse IgG1 at 5 μg/ml), i.e. at the same concentrations as in the cellular assay — was hybridized to a spotted array with two types of short 24-mer oligonucleotides immobilized onto a glass slide: C-oligo that included two CG dinucleotides and its methylated counterpart, the MeC-oligo printed at various dilutions that correlate with different approximate CpG copy numbers (10 10 –10 4 ) . Each DNA probe was spotted as octuple. The specific antibody, detected with a microarray scanner at 5 microns resolution, shows best signal-to-noise (background and non-specific binding to unmethylated C-oligo) ratio at a copy number of 10 10 . The signal (false-colored in green) decreases in a CpG copy number-dependent manner. ( B ) Similar average intensities were obtained, when a sub-area (magenta box in Figure A) of the same array was subjected to confocal scanning microscopy at 200 nm horizontal resolution. The line scan (magenta) shows the more detailed intensity profile across the four different types of spots and the intermediate gaps (coated glass slide/background).

Article Snippet: Antibody testing was performed by an immunofluorescence assay utilizing a custom made spotted microarray (Full Moon Biosystems) comprising multiple copies of two synthesized 24-mer oligonucleotide probes that were immobilized onto glass microscopic slides: 5 ′ -TCGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCGT-3 ′ (C-oligo) (MWG Biotech), and its counterpart 5 ′ -T me CGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT me CGT-3 ′ (MeC-oligo) (Biopolymers-Thermo Scientific), in which the two cytosine molecules were replaced by methylcytosine.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Concentration Assay, Methylation, Microarray, Binding Assay, Microscopy